杜甫的一生行迹：从少年到暮年的传奇人生

【中文】诗圣杜甫的一生行迹

杜甫（712年-770年），字子美，自号少陵野老，被后人尊为"诗圣"。他的诗被称为"诗史"，与李白合称"李杜"，是唐代最伟大的现实主义诗人。

一、少年壮游（712-735）：望岳之志

杜甫出生于河南巩县，出身于书香门第，祖父杜审言是初唐著名诗人。青年时期的杜甫"读书破万卷，下笔如有神"，曾漫游吴越、齐赵。登泰山时写下千古绝唱"会当凌绝顶，一览众山小"，气概非凡。

二、长安困顿（735-755）：十年求仕

天宝五年（746年），杜甫来到长安求仕。然而十年困顿，屡试不第。"朝叩富儿门，暮随肥马尘"，生活艰难至极。天宝十四年（755年），终于得到右卫率府兵曹参军的小官，旋即安史之乱爆发。

三、安史之乱（755-759）：离乱悲歌

安史之乱中，杜甫携家流亡，途中被叛军所俘，困于长安。他在沦陷的长安写下"国破山河在，城春草木深"的千古名句。后冒险逃出，奔赴肃宗行在，被任命为左拾遗。因上疏为房琯辩护，被贬为华州司功参军。

四、西南漂泊（759-765）：草堂岁月

乾元二年（759年），杜甫弃官携家入蜀，在成都浣花溪畔筑草堂，开始了相对安定的生活。严武镇蜀时，表荐杜甫为检校工部员外郎，故世称"杜工部"。在此期间写下《茅屋为秋风所破歌》、《春夜喜雨》等名篇。

五、暮年荆湘（765-770）：凄凉归路

严武去世后，杜甫失去依靠，携家沿长江东下。大历五年（770年），杜甫病逝于湖南耒阳至岳阳的湘江舟中，享年五十九岁。临终前留下绝笔诗《风疾舟中伏枕书怀》，一代诗圣就此陨落。

The Life Journey of Du Fu, the Poet Sage

Du Fu (712-770), courtesy name Zimei, self-styled Shaoling Yelao, is revered as the "Poet Sage" of China. His poetry is called "Poet's History," and together with Li Bai, they form the immortal duo "Li-Du."

I. Youthful Ambition (712-735)

Born in Gongxian, Henan, Du Fu came from a literary family — his grandfather Du Shenyan was a renowned poet of the Early Tang. In his youth, Du Fu "read ten thousand books and wrote with divine inspiration." He wandered through Wu-Yue and Qi-Zhao regions, and atop Mount Tai wrote the immortal line: "I shall ascend to the summit and behold all mountains dwarfed below."

II. A Decade of Struggle in Chang'an (735-755)

In 746, Du Fu arrived in Chang'an seeking official position. For ten years he struggled, repeatedly failing the imperial examination. He endured extreme poverty before finally receiving a minor post in 755, only for the An Lushan Rebellion to erupt immediately after.

III. War and Captivity (755-759)

During the rebellion, Du Fu fled with his family but was captured by rebel forces in Chang'an. He wrote the famous lines: "The nation is broken, though mountains and rivers remain." After escaping, he joined Emperor Suzong's court as a censor but was demoted for defending a colleague. The poem "Three Constrictions" and "Three Separations" bear witness to this darkest hour.

IV. The Thatched Cottage Years (759-765)

In 759, Du Fu resigned and moved to Sichuan, where he built the famous Thatched Cottage by the Huanhua Stream in Chengdu. His friend Yan Wu, the military governor, recommended him as an honorary official, earning Du Fu the title "Du Gongbu." This period produced masterpieces like "My Thatched Roof is Torn Apart by Autumn Winds" and "Spring Night Rain."

V. Final Wanderings (765-770)

After Yan Wu's death, Du Fu lost his patron and drifted eastward along the Yangtze. He died aboard a boat on the Xiang River in 770 at the age of fifty-nine. His final poem, "Written on a Pillow in a Sick Boat," remains one of literature's most poignant farewells.